Resumo. Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of the most important livestock species populated largely in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Balanced and economical feeding of Buffalo is extremely important for optimum productivity. Lower production is mainly due to the scarcity of feeds and unbalanced feeding practices. Proper nutritional management is the key to a successful Buffalo reproduction and health program. Increasing milk production of cattle through increasing dietary energy level is recognized in enhancing lactation potential. Buffaloes are mainly fed on crop residues and local grasses and need to be supplemented with deficient minerals for proper production performance. However, various problems must be discussed, including determining nutritional needs for buffalo growth, nutritional maintenance of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities, and recognition and utilization of the buffalo gut environment. Improved dairy buffalo nutrition in developing countries would involve extensive organized research and extension measures.