Resumo. Abstract text Rosmarinus officinalis is a species of the Lamiaceae family and is popularly known in Brazil as "field rosemary, golden rosemary, rosemary". The species is aromatic due to the presence of essential oil, a complex class of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylpropanoids that are found in the aerial parts of the plant. Thus, the interest of studies on volatile compounds and their possible biological actions, mainly on pathological processes, are a subject of study. The use of essential oils in pharmacology and aromatherapy is remarkable. And R. officinalis essential oil is famous for its volatile compounds used in acetylcholinesterase inhibition models. The aim of the study was to review in the literature the use of R. officinalis oil and its use in Alzheimer's disease phytotherapy. A survey of studies (articles, dissertations and theses) on the use of rosemary essential oil on acetylcholinesterase inhibition was carried out. As a result, it was observed that the use of R. officinalis essential oil presents a significant amount of studies with excellent results of inhibiting this enzyme on Alzheimer's disease and on improving cognition and memory, mainly in models induced by scopolamine dementia. It is noted that still, little is known about the use of rosemary essential oil, this study being a review of the main biological uses, however, there is still much to research. Rosmarinus officinalis oil may be a new pharmacological prototype due to its volatile compounds with great aptitude in the treatment of pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease.